The role of the intestinal microbiome in the development of allergies in children

Abstract

To date, a clear correlation has been revealed between disorders of the intestinal microbiota in childhood and immune and metabolic disorders in the later period. Experimental data, confirming the long-term health benefits caused by the intestinal microbiota of infants, indicate the participation of the intestinal microbiota of children in modulating risk factors associated with a specific state of adult health, which justifies the expediency of developing strategies for influencing the development, composition and activity of the intestinal microbiome of infants using probiotics and/or prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics. The composition of the intestinal microbiome of a child depends on its gestational age, method of delivery, type of feeding, environmental conditions and plays a vital role throughout a person’s life. The intrauterine and neonatal periods represent critical stages in the formation of the child’s microbiome, the violation of which is associated with the development of various pathological conditions in the child’s body, including allergic ones, while early correction of intestinal microbial communities can serve as a basis for preventing allergic sensitization. The review article presents an analysis of current data on the role of the intestinal microbiota in the development of atopic diseases in children and discusses the possibilities of preventive and therapeutic use of nutraceuticals with pro-, pre- and postbiotic effects, their effects on the development, composition and activity of the intestinal microbiome in children with atopias.