100 Years of Progress in Boundary Layer Meteorology

Author:

LeMone Margaret A.1,Angevine Wayne M.23,Bretherton Christopher S.4,Chen Fei1ORCID,Dudhia Jimy1,Fedorovich Evgeni5ORCID,Katsaros Kristina B.6,Lenschow Donald H.1,Mahrt Larry7ORCID,Patton Edward G.1,Sun Jielun18,Tjernström Michael9,Weil Jeffrey1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado

2. CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado

3. NOAA ESRL, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado

4. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

5. School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma

6. NorthWest Research Associates, Whidbey Island, Washington

7. NorthWest Research Associates, Corvallis, Oregon

8. NorthWest Research Associates, Boulder, Colorado

9. Department of Meteorology, and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Sweden

Abstract

AbstractOver the last 100 years, boundary layer meteorology grew from the subject of mostly near-surface observations to a field encompassing diverse atmospheric boundary layers (ABLs) around the world. From the start, researchers drew from an ever-expanding set of disciplines—thermodynamics, soil and plant studies, fluid dynamics and turbulence, cloud microphysics, and aerosol studies. Research expanded upward to include the entire ABL in response to the need to know how particles and trace gases dispersed, and later how to represent the ABL in numerical models of weather and climate (starting in the 1970s–80s); taking advantage of the opportunities afforded by the development of large-eddy simulations (1970s), direct numerical simulations (1990s), and a host of instruments to sample the boundary layer in situ and remotely from the surface, the air, and space. Near-surface flux-profile relationships were developed rapidly between the 1940s and 1970s, when rapid progress shifted to the fair-weather convective boundary layer (CBL), though tropical CBL studies date back to the 1940s. In the 1980s, ABL research began to include the interaction of the ABL with the surface and clouds, the first ABL parameterization schemes emerged; and land surface and ocean surface model development blossomed. Research in subsequent decades has focused on more complex ABLs, often identified by shortcomings or uncertainties in weather and climate models, including the stable boundary layer, the Arctic boundary layer, cloudy boundary layers, and ABLs over heterogeneous surfaces (including cities). The paper closes with a brief summary, some lessons learned, and a look to the future.

Funder

National Science Foundation

National Centers for Environmental Information

Agricultural Research Service

Publisher

American Meteorological Society

Subject

Atmospheric Science,Oceanography

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