Evolutionary Approaches to Religion and the Problem of Transcendent Meaning

Abstract

This article analyzes the concept of religion within the framework of evolutionary biology. It critiques a reductionist view that understands religion primarily in terms of function and the grounding of such an interpretation in principles of chance. Common understandings of the role of chance do not derive from biological evidence; a broader understanding of this element is needed. Likewise, limiting religion to its evolutionarily ascertainable benefits overlooks the fact that these benefits only materialize when there is belief in the transcendent purpose that religion provides. Consequently, the article advocates for the recognition of religion as an emergent cultural phenomenon whose essence can never be fully captured through a purely functional, scientific lens.