Outcomes of Patients Presenting With Acute Type A Aortic Dissection in the Setting of Prior Cardiac Surgery

Abstract

Background— Prior cardiac surgery (PCS) can complicate the presentation and management of patients with type A acute aortic dissection (TAAAD). This report from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection examines this hypothesis. Methods and Results— A total of 352 of 2196 patients with TAAAD (16%) enrolled in the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection had cardiac surgery before dissection, including coronary artery bypass grafting (34%), aortic or mitral valve surgery (36%), aortic surgery (42%), and other cardiac surgery (16%). Those with PCS were older, had a higher frequency of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, and presented later from symptom onset to hospital presentation and diagnosis (all P <0.05). In-hospital mortality was significantly higher for PCS patients (34% versus 23%; P <0.001). Five-year mortality was independently predicted by PCS (hazard ratio [HR], 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–3.95), age >70 years (HR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.40–5.05), medical management (HR, 5.10; 95% CI, 2.43–10.71), distal communication (HR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.35–5.14), and coma (HR, 9.50; 95% CI, 2.05–44.05). Among patients with PCS, in-hospital (43% medical versus 30% surgical; P =0.033) and intermediate-term mortality was higher in patients with medical versus surgical management. Propensity-matched analysis revealed significant increase in mortality with medical management, but not with PCS. Conclusions— PCS delays presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of TAAAD and is an important adverse risk factor for early and intermediate-term mortality. This effect may be because of increased medical management in this patient population.