Valvular and Systemic Arterial Hemodynamics in Aortic Valve Stenosis

Abstract

Background Assessment of the severity of a stenotic aortic valve has been confounded by reports of flow dependence of stenosis severity. We hypothesized that the pressure gradient at the stenotic aortic valve would be dependent on the characteristics of the arterial circulation. Therefore, clinically useful measures of the severity of aortic valve stenosis may have to take this dependence into account. Methods and Results We developed an analog model of the systemic arterial circulation in the presence of a stenotic aortic valve. The model clearly describes the dependence of stenosis severity (described by coefficients A and B) on the resistive and capacitive properties of the arterial system. We used high-fidelity pressure recordings obtained at the time of diagnostic cardiac catheterizations and found that a highly significant relation between the measured mean transvalvular gradient and that predicted by the model was demonstrated both at rest ( r 2 =.90) and with exercise ( r 2 =.80). Furthermore, the relative constancy of stenosis coefficients A and B was validated. Conclusions Transvalvular hemodynamics in patients with aortic valve stenosis are dependent on the properties of the arterial system. The current model describes such behavior, correctly predicts the transvalvular gradient from model parameters, and may be useful in the assessment of stenosis severity under various clinical and physiological conditions.