Subclinical Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Ventricular Arrhythmias in Older Adults With Normal Ejection Fraction

Abstract

Background Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) are known to be associated with reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and adverse outcomes in patients with structural heart disease. The relationship between subclinical LV dysfunction and ventricular arrhythmias in the general population is not established. Methods and Results Participants in the SAFARIS (Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation and Risk of Ischemic Stroke) study with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (n=503; mean age 77 years, 63% women) underwent 14‐day electrocardiographic monitoring and 2‐dimensional echocardiography. Frequent PVCs were defined as PVCs >500 per 24 hours and NSVT as ≥4 consecutive ventricular ectopic beats. Reduced LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) was used as an indicator of subclinical LV dysfunction. Seventy‐six participants (15.1%) had PVCs >500/d, 117 (23.3%) had NSVT episodes. LV GLS was significantly reduced in both frequent PVCs and NSVT groups ( P <0.01). In multivariable analyses, lower LV GLS was associated with frequent PVCs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.19 [95% CI, 1.09–1.30 per unit reduction]; P <0.001) and NSVT (aOR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.01–1.17]; P =0.036) independently of established risk factors and other echocardiographic parameters. Abnormal LV GLS (>−15.8%) carried a 2‐fold increase in risk of ventricular arrhythmias (aOR, 2.18, P =0.029 for PVCs; aOR, 2.09, P =0.026 for NSVT). Conclusions PVCs and NSVT episodes were frequent in this community‐based elderly cohort with normal left ventricular ejection fraction and were independently associated with lower LV GLS. The association between LV dysfunction and ventricular arrhythmias is present at an early, subclinical stage, an observation that carries possible preventative implications.