Mechanisms of Vascular Inflammation and Potential Therapeutic Targets: A Position Paper From the ESH Working Group on Small Arteries-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Mechanisms of Vascular Inflammation and Potential Therapeutic Targets: A Position Paper From the ESH Working Group on Small Arteries

Published:2024-06 Issue:6 Volume:81 Page:1218-1232
ISSN:0194-911X
Container-title:Hypertension
language:en
Short-container-title:Hypertension

Author:

Rios Francisco J.¹^ORCID,de Ciuceis Carolina²^ORCID,Georgiopoulos Georgios³^ORCID,Lazaridis Antonios⁴^ORCID,Nosalski Ryszard⁵⁶^ORCID,Pavlidis George⁷⁸^ORCID,Tual-Chalot Simon⁹^ORCID,Agabiti-Rosei Claudia²,Camargo Livia L.¹^ORCID,Dąbrowska Edyta¹⁰^ORCID,Quarti-Trevano Fosca¹¹^ORCID,Hellmann Marcin¹²,Masi Stefano¹³¹⁴^ORCID,Lopreiato Mariarosaria¹⁴^ORCID,Mavraganis Georgios³,Mengozzi Alessandro¹⁴¹⁵¹⁶^ORCID,Montezano Augusto C.¹,Stavropoulos Konstantinos¹⁷^ORCID,Winklewski Pawel J.¹⁸,Wolf Jacek¹⁰^ORCID,Costantino Sarah¹⁹,Doumas Michael¹⁰,Gkaliagkousi Eugenia⁴,Grassi Guido¹¹^ORCID,Guzik Tomasz J.⁵⁶^ORCID,Ikonomidis Ignatios⁷⁸^ORCID,Narkiewicz Krzysztof¹⁰^ORCID,Paneni Francesco¹⁵¹⁹²⁰,Rizzoni Damiano²²¹^ORCID,Stamatelopoulos Kimon³^ORCID,Stellos Konstantinos⁹²²²³²⁴,Taddei Stefano¹⁴,Touyz Rhian M.¹^ORCID,Virdis Agostino¹⁴^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (F.J.R., L.L.C., A.C.M., R.M.T.).

2. Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia (C.d.C., C.A.-R., D.R.).

3. Angiology and Endothelial Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School (G.G., G.M., K. Stamatelopoulos), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.

4. Third Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hospital, Greece (A.L., E.G.).

5. Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences; Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.N., T.J.G.).

6. Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (R.N., T.J.G.).

7. Medical School (G.P., I.I.), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.

8. Preventive Cardiology Laboratory and Clinic of Cardiometabolic Diseases, 2-Cardiology Department, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece (G.P., I.I.).

9. Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom (S.T.-C., K. Stellos).

10. Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Center of Translational Medicine (E.D., J.W., K.N.) and M.D.).

11. Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (F.Q.-T., G.G.).

12. Cardiac Diagnostics (M.H.), Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.

13. Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (S.M.).

14. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy (S.M., M.L., A.M., S.T., A.V.).

15. Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland (A.M., F.P.).

16. Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa (A.M.).

17. Second Medical Department, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (K. Stavropoulos).

18. Departments of Human Physiology (P.J.W.), Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.

19. University Heart Center (S.C., F.P.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.

20. Department of Research and Education (F.P.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.

21. Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Italy (D.R.).

22. Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim (K. Stellos), Heidelberg University, Germany.

23. Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Mannheim (K. Stellos), Heidelberg University, Germany.

24. German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Heidelberg/Mannheim Partner Site (K. Stellos).

Abstract

Inflammatory responses in small vessels play an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, stroke, and small vessel disease. This involves various complex molecular processes including oxidative stress, inflammasome activation, immune-mediated responses, and protein misfolding, which together contribute to microvascular damage. In addition, epigenetic factors, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs influence vascular inflammation and injury. These phenomena may be acquired during the aging process or due to environmental factors. Activation of proinflammatory signaling pathways and molecular events induce low-grade and chronic inflammation with consequent cardiovascular damage. Identifying mechanism-specific targets might provide opportunities in the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Monoclonal antibodies targeting inflammatory cytokines and epigenetic drugs, show promise in reducing microvascular inflammation and associated cardiovascular diseases. In this article, we provide a comprehensive discussion of the complex mechanisms underlying microvascular inflammation and offer insights into innovative therapeutic strategies that may ameliorate vascular injury in cardiovascular disease.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

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