Relationship Between Sarcopenia and Intensive Blood Pressure Control Efficacy and Safety: A Secondary Analysis of SPRINT

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia and hypertension are independently associated with worse cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and survival. While individuals with sarcopenia may benefit from intensive blood pressure (BP) control, the increased vulnerability of this population raises concerns for potential harm. This study aimed to evaluate clinical and safety outcomes with intensive (target <120 mm Hg) versus standard (<140 mm Hg) systolic BP targets in older hypertensive adults with sarcopenia compared with nonsarcopenic counterparts in the SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial). METHODS: Sarcopenia was defined using surrogates of the lowest sex-stratified median of the sarcopenia index (serum creatinine/cystatin C×100) for muscle wasting and gait speed ≤0.8 m/s for muscle weakness. Outcomes included CVD events, all-cause mortality, and serious adverse events. RESULTS: Of 2571 SPRINT participants with sarcopenia index and gait speed data available (aged ≥75 years), 502 (19.5%) met the criteria for sarcopenia, which was associated with higher risks of CVD events (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.15–1.94]; P =0.003) and all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.09–1.94]; P =0.010). In participants with sarcopenia, intensive (versus standard) BP control nearly halved the risk of CVD events (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.36–0.88]; P =0.012) without increasing serious adverse events. Similar risk reduction was seen for all-cause mortality in participants with sarcopenia (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.41–1.08]; P =0.102), but the effect was only significant in those without chronic kidney disease. CONCLUSIONS: Older hypertensive adults with sarcopenia randomized to intensive BP control experienced a lower risk of CVD without increased adverse events compared with standard BP control. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01206062.