1. From the Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA (Y.T., K.W., K.S., H.M., E.I.L., S.M., M.K., T.H.); and Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Tokushima City, Japan (Y.T., K.T.K, S.N.).