1. From the Stanford Stroke Center (M.G.L., R.B., J.M.O., M.M., S.K., G.W.A.), Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, Calif; the Department of Neurology (V.N.T.), University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and the Stroke Institute (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa.