Blood Pressure Variability and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

Author:

Ma Yuan1,Song Alex2,Viswanathan Anand3,Blacker Deborah14,Vernooij Meike W.56,Hofman Albert15,Papatheodorou Stefania1

Affiliation:

1. From the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (Y.M., D.B., A.H., S.P.)

2. Department of Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI (A.S.)

3. Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Stroke Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.V.)

4. Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.B.)

5. Department of Epidemiology (M.W.V., A.H.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

6. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (M.W.V.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Abstract

Background and Purpose— Blood pressure (BP) variability may increase the risk of stroke and dementia. It remains inconclusive whether BP variability is associated with cerebral small vessel disease, a common and potentially devastating subclinical disease that contributes significantly to both stroke and dementia. Methods— A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies that examined the association between BP variability and the presence or progression of established markers of cerebral small vessel disease, including white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, and microbleeds on magnetic resonance imaging. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Ten studies met the criteria for qualitative synthesis and 7 could be included in the meta-analysis. Data were synthetized using random-effect models. Results— These studies included a total of 2796 individuals aged 74 (mean) ±4 (SD) years, with a median follow-up of 4.0 years. A one SD increase in systolic BP variability was associated with increased odds of the presence or progression of white matter hyperintensities (odds ratio, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.06–1.50]). The association of systolic BP variability with the presence of lacunes (odds ratio, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.74–1.16]) and the presence of microbleeds (odds ratio, 1.13 [95% CI, 0.89–1.44]) were not statistically significant. Conclusions— A larger BP variability may be associated with a higher risk of having a higher burden of white matter hyperintensities. Targeting large BP variability has the potential to prevent cerebral small vessel disease and thereby reducing the risk of stroke and dementia. The potential issue of reverse causation and the heterogeneity in the assessment of cerebral small vessel disease markers should be better addressed in future studies.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Subject

Advanced and Specialised Nursing,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine,Clinical Neurology

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