1. From the Stroke Service, Department of Neurology and Vascular Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.S., L.H.S.); Department of Epidemiology (J.S.) and Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (J.S.), Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (J.S.).