Possible Link Between the ABO Blood Group of Bioprosthesis Recipients and Specific Types of Structural Degeneration

Abstract

Background Pigs/bovines share common antigens with humans: α‐Gal, present in all pigs/bovines close to the human B‐antigen; and AH‐histo‐blood‐group antigen, identical to human AH‐antigen and present only in some animals. We investigate the possible impact of patients’ ABO blood group on bioprosthesis structural valve degeneration (SVD) through calcification/pannus/tears/perforations for patients ≤60 years at implantation. Methods and Results This was a single‐center study (Paris, France) that included all degenerative bioprostheses explanted between 1985 and 1998, mostly porcine bioprostheses (Carpentier‐Edwards second/third porcine bioprostheses) and some bovine bioprostheses. For the period 1998 to 2014, only porcine bioprostheses with longevity ≥13 years were included (total follow‐up ≥29 years). Except for blood groups, important predictive factors for SVD were prospectively collected (age at implantation/longevity/number/site/sex/SVD types) and analyzed using logistic regression. All variables were available for 500 explanted porcine bioprostheses. By multivariate analyses, the A group was associated with an increased risk of: tears (odds ratio[OR], 1.61; P =0.026); pannus (OR, 1.5; P =0.054), pannus with tears (OR, 1.73; P =0.037), and tendency for lower risk of: calcifications (OR, 0.63; P =0.087) or isolated calcification (OR, 0.67; P =0.17). A‐antigen was associated with lower risk of perforations (OR 0.56; P =0.087). B‐group patients had an increased risk of: perforations (OR, 1.73; P =0.043); having a pannus that was calcified (OR, 3.0, P =0.025). B‐antigen was associated with a propensity for calcifications in general (OR, 1.34; P =0.25). Conclusions Patient’s ABO blood group is associated with specific SVD types. We hypothesize that carbohydrate antigens, which may or may not be common to patient and animal bioprosthetic tissue, will determine a patient’s specific immunoreactivity with respect to xenograft tissue and thus bioprosthesis outcome in terms of SVD.