Association Between Residential Greenness and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Author:

Yeager Ray12,Riggs Daniel W.123,DeJarnett Natasha4,Tollerud David J.5,Wilson Jeffrey6,Conklin Daniel J.12,O'Toole Timothy E.12,McCracken James7,Lorkiewicz Pawel12,Xie Zhengzhi12,Zafar Nagma8,Krishnasamy Sathya S.9,Srivastava Sanjay12,Finch Jordan1,Keith Rachel J.12,DeFilippis Andrew110,Rai Shesh N.311,Liu Gilbert8,Bhatnagar Aruni12

Affiliation:

1. Envirome Institute University of Louisville Louisville KY

2. Superfund Research Center University of Louisville Louisville KY

3. Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics University of Louisville Louisville KY

4. Center for Public Health Policy American Public Health Association Washington D.C.

5. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of Louisville Louisville KY

6. Department of Geography Indiana University ‐ Purdue University Indianapolis Indianapolis IN

7. Beckman Coulter Fort Collins CO

8. Department of Pediatrics University of Louisville Louisville KY

9. Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes University of Louisville Louisville KY

10. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Louisville Louisville KY

11. Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Facility James Graham Brown Cancer Center University of Louisville Louisville KY

Abstract

Background Exposure to green vegetation has been linked to positive health, but the pathophysiological processes affected by exposure to vegetation remain unclear. To study the relationship between greenness and cardiovascular disease, we examined the association between residential greenness and biomarkers of cardiovascular injury and disease risk in susceptible individuals. Methods and Results In this cross‐sectional study of 408 individuals recruited from a preventive cardiology clinic, we measured biomarkers of cardiovascular injury and risk in participant blood and urine. We estimated greenness from satellite‐derived normalized difference vegetation index ( NDVI ) in zones with radii of 250 m and 1 km surrounding the participants’ residences. We used generalized estimating equations to examine associations between greenness and cardiovascular disease biomarkers. We adjusted for residential clustering, demographic, clinical, and environmental variables. In fully adjusted models, contemporaneous NDVI within 250 m of participant residence was inversely associated with urinary levels of epinephrine (−6.9%; 95% confidence interval, −11.5, −2.0/0.1 NDVI ) and F2‐isoprostane (−9.0%; 95% confidence interval, −15.1, −2.5/0.1 NDVI ). We found stronger associations between NDVI and urinary epinephrine in women, those not on β‐blockers, and those who had not previously experienced a myocardial infarction. Of the 15 subtypes of circulating angiogenic cells examined, 11 were inversely associated (8.0–15.6% decrease/0.1 NDVI ), whereas 2 were positively associated (37.6–45.8% increase/0.1 NDVI ) with contemporaneous NDVI . Conclusions Independent of age, sex, race, smoking status, neighborhood deprivation, statin use, and roadway exposure, residential greenness is associated with lower levels of sympathetic activation, reduced oxidative stress, and higher angiogenic capacity.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Subject

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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