Health‐Related Quality of Life and Its Association With Outcomes in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease and Heart Failure: Insight From FRESH‐ACHD Registry

Abstract

Background Quality of Life (QoL) is a prognostic factor in heart failure (HF) of patients with acquired cardiac disease. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of QoL on outcomes in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) and HF. Methods and Results Quality of life of 196 adults with congenital heart disease with clinical heart failure (HF) (mean age: 44.3±13.8 years; 51% male; 56% with complex congenital heart disease; 47% New York Heart Association class III/IV) included in the prospective multicentric registry FRESH‐ACHD (French Survey on Heart Failure−Adult with Congenital Heart Disease) was assessed using the 36‐Item Short Form Survey (SF‐36), a patient‐reported survey. The primary end point was defined by all‐cause death, HF‐related hospitalization, heart transplantation, and mechanical circulatory support. At 12 months, 28 (14%) patients reached the combined end point. Patients with low quality of life experienced major adverse events more frequently (logrank P =0.013). On univariate analysis, lower score at physical functioning (hazard ratio [HR], 0.98 [95% CI, 0.97–0.99]; P =0.008), role limitations related to physical health (HR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.97–0.99]; P =0.008), and general health dimensions of the SF‐36 (HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.95–0.99]; P =0.002) were significantly predictive of cardiovascular events. However, after multivariable analysis, SF‐36 dimensions were no longer significantly associated with the primary end point. Conclusions Patients with congenital heart disease with HF and poor quality of life experience severe events more frequently, making quality of life assessment and rehabilitation programs essential to alter their trajectory.