Randomized Controlled Study Investigating the Effect of Biatrial Pacing in Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Abstract

Background —Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common problem after CABG. Prevention with prophylactic drug therapy has had limited success, therefore alternative approaches are required. This study investigated the role of biatrial pacing compared with no pacing on AF incidence after isolated first-time CABG. Methods and Results —During surgery, temporary pacing leads were placed in the lateral wall of the right atrium and at the roof of the left atrium in Bachmann’s bundle to allow bipolar pacing and sensing at each site. After surgery, all patients were connected to an external pacemaker (Chorum ELA) that also acted as a Holter monitor. Patients were consecutively randomized to either 4 days of biatrial pacing at a base rate of 80 bpm or to no pacing (control group, base rate 30 bpm). End points included an episode of AF lasting >1 hour on pacemaker Holter, clinically detected AF, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay, and postoperative complications. One hundred thirty patients were randomized. Biatrial pacing significantly reduced both monitored (13.8% versus 38.5%, P =0.001) and clinical (10.8% versus 33.8%, P =0.002) episodes of AF. Median ICU (19 versus 24 hours, P =NS) and mean hospital stay (7.7±6.9 versus 9.7±10, P =NS) did not significantly change. The number of postoperative complications was lower in the biatrial group (13 versus 35, P =0.001). Conclusions —Biatrial pacing after CABG significantly decreases the incidence of AF. This is associated with reduced postoperative complications and a trend toward reduced ICU and hospital stay.