Improvement in Exercise Capacity in Asymptomatic and Mildly Symptomatic Adults After Atrial Septal Defect Percutaneous Closure

Abstract

Background— Controversy exists as to whether secundum atrial septal defects (ASDs) in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I or II adult patients should be closed. Methods and Results— Thirty-seven patients (24 females; mean age 49.4 years, range 19 to 76) with a mean pulmonary to systemic flow ratio (Qp:Qs) of 2.1 (1.2 to 3.4) had a maximal oxygen uptake (V o 2max ) determination and echocardiographic measurement of right ventricular dimensions before and 6 months after elective percutaneous closure of ASD. At baseline, mean V o 2max was 23.5±6.4 mL/kg per minute and was higher in the 15 NYHA I patients than in the 22 NYHA II patients (27±6.9 versus 20.8±4.6 mL/kg per minute; P =0.0015). V o 2max increased significantly at 6 months (23.5±6.4 to 26.9±6.9 mL/kg per minute; P <0.0001). Improvement was as marked in NYHA I (+22%; P <0.0001) as in NYHA II patients (+12%; P <0.0001), in patients with Qp:Qs 1.2 to 2.0 (+16%; P <0.0001) as in those with Qp:Qs >2 (+12%; P <0.0001), and in patients ≥40 years of age (+14%; P <0.0001) as in those <40 years of age (+16%; P <0.0001). Compared with 15 of 37 patients before closure, 35 of 37 patients were in NYHA I at 6 months. Right ventricular dimensions decreased significantly ( P <0.0001). Conclusions— Adult ASD patients significantly increase their functional capacity after percutaneous defect closure. This is observed even in patients classified as asymptomatic, in those with lesser shunts, and in older patients. These findings suggest that ASD closure in an adult population should be considered even in the absence of symptoms.