Constructing a Response to Ecological Problems under Scientific Uncertainty: A Comparison of Acid Rain and Climate Change Policy in Canada

Abstract

This paper examines and compares acid rain and climate change policy making in Canada. It presents a brief model of ecological problem-solving under scientific uncertainty, in which problem identification, problem implication and problem solution are viewed as a complex social process. Ecological problem-solving is usually an open debate in which a plurality of actors participate. Building on interactionist studies, the paper presents these social actors as belonging to different but interacting social worlds. Their interactions lead to the construction of an ecological discourse which frames policy choices. Compared to the acid rain policy process, climate change policy process is marked by a closer participation of the scientific community; a change in policy instruments emphasising market and voluntary measures instead of ‘command and control’ ones; a perceived need for a wider public and social interests involvement in the policy process; ethical considerations and equity issues framed in intra and inter-generational terms; and participants' perception of a considerable challenge for technological development.