Coexistence of valence-bond formation and topological order in the Frustrated Ferromagnetic $J_1$-$J_2$ Chain

Abstract

Frustrated one-dimensional (1D) magnets are known as ideal playgrounds for new exotic quantum phenomena to emerge. We consider an elementary frustrated 1D system: the spin-\frac{1}{2}12 ferromagnetic (J_1J1) Heisenberg chain with next-nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic (J_2J2) interactions. On the basis of density-matrix renormalization group calculations we show the existence of a finite spin gap at J_2/|J_1|>1/4J2/|J1|>1/4 and we find the ground state in this region to be a valence bond solid (VBS) with spin-singlet dimerization between third-neighbor sites. The VBS is the consequence of spontaneous symmetry breaking through order by disorder. Quite interestingly, this VBS state has a Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki-type topological order. This is the first example of a frustrated spin chain in which quantum fluctuations induce gapped topological order.