Evaluación de la resiliencia empresarial: Marco de categorización de disrupciones

Abstract

Las empresas están cada vez más expuestas a vulnerabilidades debido a la gran incertidumbre del contexto actual, y por ello necesitan estar preparadas para hacer frente a disrupciones. Si una disrupción impacta en una empresa, ésta tendrá que adaptarse a la nueva situación y recuperarse rápidamente para alcanzar su estado normal de operación. Esta capacidad se define como resiliencia empresarial. Con el fin de evaluar cuán resiliente es una empresa, es necesario analizar qué provoca la falta de resiliencia: las disrupciones. Este trabajo propone un marco de categorización de disrupciones, como punto de partida para evaluar la resiliencia empresarial.Palabras Claves: Resiliencia Empresarial, Disrupción, Fuente, Consecuencias, Marco de CategorizaciónEnterprise resilience assessment: a categorisation framework of disruptionsAbstract: Currently, enterprises are more exposed to vulnerabilities and threats due to the recent and uncertain context and this makes enterprises need the capacity to be ready and prepared to face up to more and more expected and unexpected events. If a disruption impacts on an enterprise, the company will have to adapt to this new situation and try to recover as soon as possible to its normal state of operation. This ability has been defined as Enterprise Resilience. The topic of enterprise resilience is an under-researched concept since there are few studies in the literature, which focus on evaluating and assessing this business capacity. Moreover, enterprise resilience is a new innovative research area that evolves from the traditional risk management to a more operational vision of how to manage disruptions. In order to assess how resilient an enterprise is, it is necessary to understand, assess and analyse the factors that affect enterprise resilience. Therefore, the first step is to focus on the trigger that causes this lack of enterprise resilience: the disruptions. This will lead to: (i) support enterprises to be aware of the potential disruptions in which the company has less adaptative ability and (ii) take appropriate decisions to avoid the occurrence of disruptions and/or to mitigate the impact of them once that already happened. To do so, disruptions should be categorized to provide an organized structure that will be the input for further research. This paper proposes a categorisation framework of disruptions which is the starting point to evaluate the resilience capacity of enterprises.Key words: Enterprise Resilience, Disruption, Source, Consequences, Categorization Framework.