Relation of anemia with renal function on prognosis and disease severity in patients with acute pulmonary embolism

Abstract

Background: In-hospital mortality for patients presenting with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) has been reported to be up to 7 times higher for patients with decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Cardiopulmonary diseases and anemia are other comorbid conditions that are suggested to be prognostic parameters in acute PE. The severity of anemia in acute PE was associated with worsening survival. We aimed to investigate the effect of anemia on association of renal function with prognosis and disease severity in patients with acute PE. Patients/Methods: The retrospective study enrolled 112 consecutive patients presenting with objectively confirmed acute PE. Demographic, clinical data, comorbidities and laboratory values were recorded. GFR were estimated using the chronic kidney disease (CKD)-EPI equations. Simplified pulmonary embolism severity index (sPESI) was calculated for all patients and severe form of the disease was defined as sPESI ≥1. In hospital mortality was primer outcome. Results: In univariate analyses, age, eGFR, anemia and chronic lung disease were found to be significantly associated with in-hospital mortality and disease severity. Only age and eGFR were found to be significant prognostic factors for early mortality [1.13(1.03-1.24); p=0.007 and 0.95(0.91 0.98); p=0.007 respectively]. Conclusion: Estimated GFR is independently associated with a more severe form of the disease and increased risk of early mortality rates within 30 days in acute pulmonary embolism independent of anemia presence.