Analysis of the perinatal risk causes and the structure of pathology in premature children in Chelyabinsk, born with extremely low and very low body weight

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to analyze the history and structure of the pathology of premature infants with extremely low body weight and very low body weight under dynamic follow up in the monitoring department for children of the perinatal risk group. Using the method of continuous sampling we analyzed observation maps of 95 premature infants with extremely low body weight and very low body weight of gestation age from 24 to 36 weeks.All newborns have a low Apgar score at birth and at the 5th minute, and Apgar score was lower in  children with extremely low body weight as compared with children with very low body weight. All children had congenital anomalies of the organs and systems, marked signs of immaturity, with prevailing changes in  the cardiovascular system, passability of  the renal pelvis, and congenital deformity of thigh.Among the conditions that occurred in the perinatal period, the authors diagnosed intraventricular hemorrhage in 50.5% of patients, 89.6% of them had hemorrhage of grade II – III, all children had respiratory distress syndrome. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia was diagnosed in 60% of premature infants, its moderate and severe forms in 1/3 of the patients. All children had anemia, and 13.7% of children had a neonatal syndrome from mothers with diabetes mellitus. 1/3 of premature infants had retinopathy; its frequency did not depend on the body weight at birth. All children had a combination of pathologies. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia was combined with respiratory distress syndrome and anemia in 100% of children. The combination of bronchopulmonary dysplasia with intraventricular hemorrhage was more often recorded in patients with extremely low body weight than in patients with very low body weight.