Beyond skincare routines: Follow your gut to healthy skin – A review of the interplay between gut microbiome and skin

Abstract

The gut microbiome, comprising trillions of microorganisms with diverse genetic material, plays a pivotal role in human health. Its impact on immunity, metabolism, and even psychological well-being has garnered significant attention. This review delves into the evolution of microbiome research, highlighting historic breakthroughs and modern revelations. The gut microbiota’s influence extends beyond digestion, impacting immune system development, hormone regulation, and maintenance of protective barriers. Disturbances in this balance, known as dysbiosis, can disrupt immune responses, fostering harmful bacteria over beneficial ones. Dysbiosis has been linked to various diseases, motivating exploration of the gut-skin axis. Research suggests that the gut microbiome significantly influences dermatological conditions. Imbalances can contribute to skin diseases like atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Short-chain fatty acids produced by gut bacteria have anti-inflammatory effects and maintain skin health. Gut dysbiosis can lead to systemic inflammation, affecting skin physiology. Ultraviolet (UV) damage and skin aging are also affected by the gut microbiome. Studies reveal that certain Lactobacillus strains, ingested orally, possess anti-inflammatory properties, mitigating UV-induced skin aging. Moreover, supplementation with specific bacteria enhances skin elasticity and hydration. Conditions such as rosacea, hidradenitis suppurativa, and chronic spontaneous urticaria have been linked to gut dysbiosis. Research indicates a potential for treatments that target the gut microbiome, such as fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics, to alleviate dermatological disorders. In conclusion, the gut microbiome exerts a profound influence on skin health and diseases. Its intricate interactions with the immune system, systemic inflammation, and barrier maintenance underscore its significance. Harnessing these insights could lead to innovative therapies for various skin conditions, paving the way for enhanced well-being.