Affiliation:
1. UMR Sisyphe 7619, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), 75005 Paris, France
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The
Achères wastewater treatment plant, located just downstream of
Paris, discharges its effluents into the lower Seine River. The
effluents contain large numbers of heterotrophic bacteria, organic
matter, and ammonium and are a source of nitrifying bacteria. As a
result, degradation of organic matter by heterotrophic bacteria and
subsequent oxygen depletion occur immediately downstream of the
effluent outlet, whereas nitrifying bacteria apparently need to build
up a significant biomass before ammonium oxidation significantly
depletes the oxygen. We quantified the potential total nitrifying
activity and the potential activities of the ammonia- and
nitrite-oxidizing communities along the Seine River. In the summer, the
maximum nitrifying activity occurs in the upper freshwater estuary,∼
200 km downstream of Achères. The quantities of
nitrifying bacteria, based on
amoA
gene copy numbers, and of
Nitrobacter
organisms, based on 16S rRNA gene copy numbers,
were correlated with the potential nitrifying activities. The species
composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was investigated at two
sites: the Triel station just downstream from Achères (km 84) and
the Seine freshwater estuary at the Duclair station (km 278). By means
of PCR primers targeting the
amoA
gene, a gene library was
created. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the majority of the
analyzed clones at both sites were affiliated with the genus
Nitrosomonas
. The
Nitrosomonas oligotropha
- and
Nitrosomonas urea
-related clones represented nearly 81%
of the community of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria at Triel and 60%
at Duclair. Two other ammonia-oxidizing clusters of the β
subclass of the
Proteobacteria
, i.e.,
Nitrosomonas
europaea
- and
Nitrosospira
-like bacteria, were found in
smaller numbers. The major change in the ammonia-oxidizing community
between the two stations along the Seine River-upper estuary continuum
was the replacement of the
N. oligotropha
- and
N.
urea
-related bacteria by the
Nitrosospira
-affiliated
bacteria. Although the diversities of the ammonia oxidizers appear to
be similar for the two sites, only half of the restriction patterns are
common to both sites, which could be explained by the differences in
ammonium concentrations, which are much lower in the upper estuary than
in the river at the effluent outlet. These results imply a significant
immigration and/or selection of the ammonia-oxidizing bacterial
population along the continuum of the Seine River from Paris to the
estuary.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Ecology,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,Food Science,Biotechnology
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