Affiliation:
1. Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003
Abstract
Fungi (
Rhizopus stolonifer, Trichoderma viride, Fusarium oxysporum
f. sp.
conglutinans, Cunninghamella echinulata
, and several species of
Aspergillus
and
Penicillium
) tolerated higher concentrations of cadmium (Cd) when grown in soil than when grown on laboratory media, indicating that soil mitigated the toxic effects of Cd. In soil amended with clay minerals, montmorillonite provided partial or total protection against fungistatic effects of Cd, whereas additions of kaolinite provided little or no protection. Growth rates of
Aspergillus niger
were inhibited to a greater extent by 100 or 250 μg of Cd per g in soil adjusted to pH 7.2 than in the same soil at its natural pH of 5.1. However, there were no differences in the growth rates of
Aspergillus fischeri
with 100 or 250 μg of Cd per g in the same soil, whether at pH 5.1 or adjusted to pH 7.2. Growth of
A. niger
and
A. fischeri
in a soil contaminated with a low concentration of Cd (i.e., 28 μg/g), obtained from a site near a Japanese smelter, did not differ significantly from growth in a soil collected some distance away and containing 4 μg of Cd per g. Growth of
A. niger
in sterile soil amended with 100 μg of Cd per g and inoculated with
Bacillus cereus
or
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
was reduced to a greater extent than in the same soil containing 100 μg of Cd per g but no bacteria. The inhibitory effects of
Agrobacterium radiobacter
to
A. niger
were slightly reduced in the presence of 100 μg of Cd per g, whereas the inhibitory effects of
Serratia marcescens
were enhanced.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Ecology,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,Food Science,Biotechnology
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