Affiliation:
1. Department of Biology
2. Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) identifies and groups bacterial strains based on DNA sequence data from (typically) seven housekeeping genes. MLST has also been employed to estimate the relative contributions of recombination and point mutation to clonal divergence. We applied MLST to the plant pathogen
Xylella fastidiosa
using an initial set of sequences for 10 loci (9.3 kb) of 25 strains from five different host plants, grapevine (PD strains), oleander (OLS strains), oak (OAK strains), almond (ALS strains), and peach (PP strains). An eBURST analysis identified six clonal complexes using the grouping criterion that each member must be identical to at least one other member at 7 or more of the 10 loci. These clonal complexes corresponded to previously identified phylogenetic clades; clonal complex 1 (CC1) (all PD strains plus two ALS strains) and CC2 (OLS strains) defined the
X. fastidiosa
subsp.
fastidiosa
and
X. fastidiosa
subsp.
sandyi
clades, while CC3 (ALS strains), CC4 (OAK strains), and CC5 (PP strains) were subclades of
X. fastidiosa
subsp.
multiplex
. CC6 (ALS strains) identified an
X. fastidiosa
subsp.
multiplex
-like group characterized by a high frequency of intersubspecific recombination. Compared to the recombination rate in other bacterial species, the recombination rate in
X. fastidiosa
is relatively low. Recombination between different alleles was estimated to give rise to 76% of the nucleotide changes and 31% of the allelic changes observed. The housekeeping loci
holC
,
nuoL
,
leuA
,
gltT
,
cysG
,
petC
, and
lacF
were chosen to form the basis of a public database for typing
X. fastidiosa
(
www.mlst.net
). These loci identified the same six clonal complexes using the strain grouping criterion of identity at five or more loci with at least one other member.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Ecology,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,Food Science,Biotechnology
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