A Role for Yeast and Human Translesion Synthesis DNA Polymerases in Promoting Replication through 3-Methyl Adenine

Abstract

ABSTRACT 3-Methyl adenine (3meA), a minor-groove DNA lesion, presents a strong block to synthesis by replicative DNA polymerases (Pols). To elucidate the means by which replication through this DNA lesion is mediated in eukaryotic cells, here we carry out genetic studies in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae treated with the alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate. From the studies presented here, we infer that replication through the 3meA lesion in yeast cells can be mediated by the action of three Rad6-Rad18-dependent pathways that include translesion synthesis (TLS) by Polη or -ζ and an Mms2-Ubc13-Rad5-dependent pathway which presumably operates via template switching. We also express human Pols ι and κ in yeast cells and show that they too can mediate replication through the 3meA lesion in yeast cells, indicating a high degree of evolutionary conservation of the mechanisms that control TLS in yeast and human cells. We discuss these results in the context of previous observations that have been made for the roles of Pols η, ι, and κ in promoting replication through the minor-groove N 2 -dG adducts.