Stimulation of adenosine 5'-triphosphate-dependent in vitro deoxyribonucleic acid replication by factors from the periplasmic space of Escherichia coli

Abstract

In vitro deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis systems based on an earlier system using pencillin have been developed which use osmotic lysis of lysozyme-formed spheroplasts of Escherichia coli cells embedded in an agarose matrix. An adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent semiconservative mode, or replicative mode, of in vitro DNA synthesis is exhibited which is sensitivie to nalidixic acid. These systems require growth of the agar-embedded cells in a preincubation medium before spheroplast formation and osmotic lysis. Inhibitor studies suggest that one or more required macromolecular species are synthesized during this preincubation growth period. Osmotic shock fluid from E. coli contains macromolecular factors which preferentially stimulate the ATP- dependent semiconservative mode of in vitro DNA synthesis. In some cases, the ATP independent mode of synthesis is inhibited by shock fluid. Evidence is presented that the stimulating factors found in the osmotic shock fluid come from the E. coli periplasmic space. This stimulation is observed using either toluene-treated cells or lysed agar-embedded ethylene glycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N'-tetraacetate-lysozyme spheroplasts, and is thus independent of the in vitro DNA synthesis system used. Shock fluid obtained from a given E. coli dna mutant does not stimulate in vitro DNA synthesis by that mutant. However, in some cases, shock fluid from one class of dna mutants does stimulate ATP dependent in vitro DNA synthesis by another class of dna mutants, in a thermosensitive reacaction. Gently prepared cell extracts also stimulate ATP-dependent in vitro DNA synthesis, whereas cell extracts prepared by more severe procedures inhibit this in vitro synthesis. Severl stimulating DNA replication factors may be present in the osmotic shock fluid, including products of E. coli dna genes.