Selected aspects of crime involving virtual currencies

Author:

Opitek PawełORCID,Butor-Keler Agnieszka1ORCID,Kanclerz KarolORCID

Affiliation:

1. Warsaw School of Economics

Abstract

The article consists of two parts. The first discusses issues related to the functioning of the crypto-assets market in Poland and internationally and the planned changes in the regulations governing this market. They concern the legal status of digital tokens and their use in money laundering and terrorist financing, as well as the obligations of obliged institutions in the anti-money laundering system. The second part of the study focuses on procedural and non-procedural issues related to virtual currencies. The status of the digital artefact in criminal proceedings, operational work and the conduct of investigations with a view to combating cryptocurrency crime are discussed. The article concludes with demands addressed to law enforcement and law enforcement agencies. The aim of the article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the issues related to the use of virtual currencies in the commission of crimes, covering in particular AML and terrorist financing issues.

Publisher

Uniwersytet Jagiellonski - Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellonskiego

Reference62 articles.

1. 1. Chainalysis, The 2022 Crypto Crime Report, February 2022.

2. 2. Ocieczek G., Opitek P., Analiza definicji walut wirtualnych z ustawy z dnia 1 marca 2018 r. o przeciwdziałaniu praniu pieniędzy oraz finansowaniu terroryzmu (Eng. Analysis of the definition of virtual currencies from the Act of 1 March 2018 on the prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing), "Consilium Iuridicum" 2022, no. 3-4, pp. 122-139.

3. 3. Opitek P., Biegły z zakresu kryptowalut w sprawach karnych (Eng. Cryptocurrency expert in criminal cases), in: Wokół kryminalistyki. Nauka i praktyka. Księga pamiątkowa dedykowana Profesorowi Tadeuszowi Widle, D. Zienkiewicz (ed.), Toruń 2021, pp. 413-447.

4. 4. Opitek P., Funkcjonowanie instrumentów finansowych w oparciu o technologię blockchain (Eng. Functioning of financial instruments based on blockchain technology), Łódź 2022.

5. 5. Opitek P., Kontrola transferów pieniądza bezgotówkowego w czasie rzeczywistym jako nowa forma czynności operacyjno-rozpoznawczych na przykładzie ustawy o Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego (postulaty de lege ferenda) (Eng. Real-time control of non-cash money transfers as a new form of operational and reconnaissance activities on the example of the law on the Internal Security Agency (de lege ferenda postulates)), "Prokuratura i Prawo" 2021, no. 2, pp. 154-175.

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