An Analytical Modeling Framework for Primary Lateral-Load–Resisting Unreinforced Masonry Walls

Abstract

This paper investigates an analytical modeling framework for the primary lateral-load–resisting walls, including out-of-plane effects, in unreinforced masonry (URM) building structures. Integral to each URM wall model with door and window perforations is a macro-element that represents each solid masonry panel within the structure. The macro-element consists of multiple discrete elements for modeling different characteristics of URM wall behavior, including sliding, rocking, and diagonal tension/compression. Validation of the model is conducted through comparison of the analytical predictions with observed behavior from previous tests available in the literature. The simplicity of the macro-element modeling approach, together with its material/geometry-based ability to predict URM behavior, permits the extension of this framework to a wide range of analyses (e.g., numerous ground motion records, variable material properties, diverse geometrical features, and building layouts) to support a semiautomatic seismic assessment for URM typologies.