1. Beowulf, ed. by Michael Alexander (New York: Penguin, 1995)
2. Galbertus notarius Brugensis de multro, traditione, et occisione gloriosi Karoli comitis Flandriarum, ed. by Jeff Rider (Turnhout: Brepols, 1994)
3. Isidori Hispalensis Episcopi Etymologiarum sive Originum Libri XX, 2 vols, ed. by Wallace Martin Lindsay (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1911)
4. Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Capitularia Regum Francorum I, ed. by Alfred Boretius (Hannover; Hahn, 1883)
5. Althoff, Gerd, Family, Friends and Followers: Political and Social Bonds in Early Medieval Europe, trans. by Christopher Carroll (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004)