An active straight waveguide polarization rotator in single crystal thin film barium titanate-on-insulator

Abstract

Electro-optic materials play an essential role in telecommunications. In active devices like Mach–Zehnder modulators, typically the diagonal Pockels coefficients are employed to induce an optical phase shift through electrical tuning of the refractive index along an optic axis. On the other hand, waveguide polarization rotators are usually passive devices where asymmetric structures or specially designed couplers are used. In this Letter, we exploit off diagonal Pockels coefficients to demonstrate an active straight waveguide polarization rotator using a c-axis single crystal thin film barium titanate (BTO)-on-insulator, with a maximum power conversion of ∼30% from the input TE (or TM) mode into its orthogonal mode observed. The device is switched on or off through an applied voltage and is demonstrated in a simple straight waveguide. A TM output extinction ratio of 26.1 dB is achieved in the device with a TE input. The r51 value in the BTO thin film is estimated to be around 600 pm/V. This work adds a different polarization rotation scheme to the active photonics family.