India's shift toward sustainable energy: A comprehensive approach to renewable energy integration and environmental sustainability

Abstract

India's reliance on coal for energy has led to pollution, carbon emissions, and environmental hazards. To combat these issues, the Indian government is promoting renewable energy to enhance energy efficiency and reduce environmental impacts. By investing in solar, hydro, and wind power, India aims to minimize pollution and greenhouse gas emissions while meeting energy demands sustainably. The shift to renewable energy not only benefits the environment but also reduces energy import dependency and lowers costs. Renewable energy technologies like solar, hydro, and wind play a crucial role in power generation, offering clean alternatives derived from natural resources. The government's focus on providing 24/7 affordable electricity for all has spurred innovations in off-grid electricity generation, particularly in sun-rich regions. These advancements have attracted private sector investments, improved energy efficiency, and addressing energy shortages. India's target to install 337 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2027, with significant contributions from foreign and private sectors, underscores the country's vast renewable energy potential. Initiatives like the Electricity Act 2001 and rural electrification have enhanced energy conservation and distribution efficiency. The transition to electric vehicles and advancements in renewable energy technologies signal a promising future for India's energy sector, with opportunities for innovation, employment growth, and sustainable development. This article discusses the government's initiatives to promote renewable energy, the role of solar, hydro, and wind power in power generation, and the potential benefits of this transition for the Indian economy and environment.