The effect of nanoparticle softness on the interfacial dynamics of a model polymer nanocomposite

Abstract

The introduction of soft organic nanoparticles (NPs) into polymer melts has recently expanded the material design space for polymer nanocomposites, compared to traditional nanocomposites that utilize rigid NPs, such as silica, metallic NPs, and other inorganic NPs. Despite advances in the fabrication and characterization of this new class of materials, the effect of NP stiffness on the polymer structure and dynamics has not been systematically investigated. Here, we use molecular dynamics to investigate the segmental dynamics of the polymer interfacial region of isolated NPs of variable stiffness in a polymer matrix. When the NP–polymer interactions are stronger than the polymer–polymer interactions, we find that the slowing of segmental dynamics in the interfacial region is more pronounced for stiff NPs. In contrast, when the NP–polymer interaction strength is smaller than the matrix interaction, the NP stiffness has relatively little impact on the changes in the polymer interfacial dynamics. We also find that the segmental relaxation time τ α of segments in the NP interfacial region changes from values lower than to higher than the bulk material when the NP–polymer interaction strength is increased beyond a “critical” strength, reminiscent of a binding–unbinding transition. Both the NP stiffness and the polymer–surface interaction strength can thus greatly influence the relative segmental relaxation and interfacial mobility in comparison to the bulk material.