1. US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, 60 Nowelo Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720 USA
2. Marine Science Department, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720 USA
3. Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1910 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 USA