The Effect Differences of Learning Approach, Hitting Distance, and Kinesthetic Perception on Tennis Groundstroke Ability

Abstract

AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the effect of the learning approach, hitting distance, and kinesthetic perception on the ability of tennis groundstrokes. METHODS: In conducting this research, researchers used an experimental method with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. The research sample was 40 athletes with a purposive random sampling technique. The data collection technique used was a kinesthetic perception test and a tennis groundstroke ability test. The analysis technique used was Analysis of Variance at the significance level α = 0.05. RESULTS: The results showed that (1) There is a significant difference in the effect of the learning approach on the groundstroke ability of tennis court with the calculated F value (Fo) = 4.941 greater than F table (Ft) = 3.26, (2) There is no significant difference between the fixed hitting distance and the gradual hitting distance on the ability of tennis groundstrokes with the calculated F value (Fo) = 2.196 which is smaller than F table (Ft) = 3.26, (3) There is a significant difference in the effect between  students  who have good kinesthetic perception and less kinesthetic perception on tennis groundstroke ability with the calculated F value (Fo) = 11.473 greater than F table (Ft) = 3.26, (4) There is no interaction between the learning approach and hitting distance on the ability of tennis groundstrokes with the calculated F value (Fo) = 3.238 which is smaller than F table (Ft) = 3.26, (5) There is no interaction between the learning approach and the kinesthetic perception of tennis groundstroke ability with the calculated F value (Fo) = 0.908 which is smaller than F table (Ft) = 3.26, (6) There is no interaction between hitting distance and kinesthetic perception on the ability of tennis groundstrokes with the calculated F value (Fo) = 2.868 which is smaller than F table (Ft) = 3.26, (7) There is an interaction between the learning approach, hitting distance, and students’ kinesthetic perceptions of the tennis groundstroke ability with the calculated F value (Fo) = 9.423 greater than F table (Ft) = 3.26. CONCLUSION: Overall, there is an interaction between the three variables of the training model, meaning that the learning outcomes of the tennis groundstroke ability are obtained due to regular exercise. The achievement of the groundstroke ability of the tennis court due to the application of the learning approach is directly influenced by the difference between the distance and the difference in the student’s kinesthetic perception.