Determination of neonicotinoid pesticides nitenpyram and dinotefuran by electroanalytical methods

Abstract

Nitenpyram (NIT) and dinotefuran (DNF) are neonicotinoid pesticides commonly used in the production and storage of agricultural products, as well as in forests and gardens, for the purpose of protection from insect pests. Although they are safer for mammals, their toxic effects on pollinators, such as bees, and their long-term accumulation in water and soil, are important problems. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that their usage remains within certain specific limits and that their residues are quickly, precisely, and reliably monitored in various samples. In this review, electrochemical methods, which are voltammetry, amperometry, and potentiometry, for the determination of NIT and DNF in pure solutions, agricultural, and environmental samples by using various modified electrodes were reviewed. The results obtained from studies published since 2011 were compared, and the effectiveness of the selected methods was demonstrated. It was observed that the electrochemical methods, particularly voltammetry, used in the studies conducted for NIT and DNF yielded selective and sensitive results at detection limits at nmol L–1 levels. These methods also exhibited high precision and accuracy without being affected by the matrix of the studied samples, such as soil, water, or agricultural products.