AbstractThis chapter covers the history of cultivation of longan and litchi (Litchi chinensis); litchi production in China, Vietnam, Thailand, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Philippines, Indonesia, southern Africa, Australia, North America, Brazil, Mexico and Israel; longan production in China, Vietnam, Thailand, Australia and USA; drying and canning of longan and litchi fruits; products from litchi and longan (juice and nectar, and frozen fruits); and international trading of longan and litchi.