1. Busck A 1915. Descriptions of new North American microlepidoptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 17:79-94.
2. Carolin VM Powell JA Daterman GE Stock MW 1987. Budworm taxonomy. In: Brookes MH et al. Technical Coordinators. The Western Spruce Budworm. USDA Forest Service Technical Bulletin 18-26.
3. Daterman GE Sower LL Stevens RE Fellin DG 1995. Pheromone chemistry and response behavior of conifer-feeding Choristoneura in the western United States. University of California Publications in Entomology 115:69-83; 15 ref.
4. De Benedictis JA 1995. Phenetic studies of spruce budworm populations (Choristoneura species). In: Powell JA ed. Biosystematic Studies of Conifer-Feeding Choristoneura in the Western United States (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). University of California USA: University of California Publications in Entomology 115:85-150.
5. EPPO 2014. PQR database. Paris France: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. http://www.eppo.int/DATABASES/pqr/pqr.htm