Abstract
All farmed animals are regarded as sentient beings, so their welfare is a matter of much public concern. Positive and negative aspects of the welfare of animals during transport should be assessed using a range of behavioural, physiological and carcass-quality measures. Health is an important part of welfare, so the extent of any disease, injury or mortality resulting from, or exacerbated by, transport should be measured. Many of the indicators of welfare are measures of stress, involving long-term adverse effects or indicators of pain, fear or other feelings. Some welfare assessment methods are research tools while others are welfare outcome indicators that can be used by a veterinary or other inspector.