Abstract
This chapter covers the key activities involved in managing the reproductive herd health of dairy cattle. Focus is given on the economics of fertility, current levels of reproductive performance, welfare and ethics of reproductive herd health, public health and reproduction, underlying principles of dairy cow reproduction (reproductive physiology and hormonal control of the oestrous cycle, monitoring reproduction in herd health, practicalities of data recording, monitoring reproductive data on the farm and routine performance monitoring) and control of herd fertility (enhancing reproductive performance, improving accuracy and rate of oestrus detection, improving pregnancy rates and controlling reproductive disease).