First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Magnetic Field Structure near The Event Horizon
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Published:2021-03-01
Issue:1
Volume:910
Page:L13
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ISSN:2041-8205
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Container-title:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
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language:
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Short-container-title:ApJL
Author:
Akiyama KazunoriORCID, Algaba Juan CarlosORCID, Alberdi AntxonORCID, Alef Walter, Anantua RichardORCID, Asada Keiichi, Azulay RebeccaORCID, Baczko Anne-KathrinORCID, Ball David, Baloković MislavORCID, Barrett JohnORCID, Benson Bradford A.ORCID, Bintley Dan, Blackburn LindyORCID, Blundell RaymondORCID, Boland Wilfred, Bouman Katherine L.ORCID, Bower Geoffrey C.ORCID, Boyce HopeORCID, Bremer Michael, Brinkerink Christiaan D.ORCID, Brissenden RogerORCID, Britzen SilkeORCID, Broderick Avery E.ORCID, Broguiere Dominique, Bronzwaer Thomas, Byun Do-YoungORCID, Carlstrom John E., Chael AndrewORCID, Chan Chi-kwanORCID, Chatterjee ShamiORCID, Chatterjee KoushikORCID, Chen Ming-Tang, Chen Yongjun, Chesler Paul M.ORCID, Cho IljeORCID, Christian PierreORCID, Conway John E.ORCID, Cordes James M.ORCID, Crawford Thomas M.ORCID, Crew Geoffrey B.ORCID, Cruz-Osorio AlejandroORCID, Cui YuzhuORCID, Davelaar JordyORCID, De Laurentis MariafeliciaORCID, Deane RogerORCID, Dempsey JessicaORCID, Desvignes GregoryORCID, Dexter JasonORCID, Doeleman Sheperd S.ORCID, Eatough Ralph P.ORCID, Falcke HeinoORCID, Farah JosephORCID, Fish Vincent L.ORCID, Fomalont EdORCID, Ford H. AlysonORCID, Fraga-Encinas RaquelORCID, Friberg PerORCID, Fromm Christian M., Fuentes AntonioORCID, Galison PeterORCID, Gammie Charles F.ORCID, García RobertoORCID, Gelles ZacharyORCID, Gentaz Olivier, Georgiev BorisORCID, Goddi CiriacoORCID, Gold RomanORCID, Gómez José L.ORCID, Gómez-Ruiz Arturo I.ORCID, Gu MinfengORCID, Gurwell MarkORCID, Hada KazuhiroORCID, Haggard DarylORCID, Hecht Michael H., Hesper RonaldORCID, Himwich Elizabeth, Ho Luis C.ORCID, Ho Paul, Honma MarekiORCID, Huang Chih-Wei L.ORCID, Huang LeiORCID, Hughes David H., Ikeda ShiroORCID, Inoue Makoto, Issaoun SaraORCID, James David J.ORCID, Jannuzi Buell T., Janssen MichaelORCID, Jeter BrittonORCID, Jiang WuORCID, Jimenez-Rosales AlejandraORCID, Johnson Michael D.ORCID, Jorstad SvetlanaORCID, Jung TaehyunORCID, Karami MansourORCID, Karuppusamy RameshORCID, Kawashima TomohisaORCID, Keating Garrett K.ORCID, Kettenis MarkORCID, Kim Dong-JinORCID, Kim Jae-YoungORCID, Kim JongsooORCID, Kim JunhanORCID, Kino MotokiORCID, Koay Jun YiORCID, Kofuji Yutaro, Koch Patrick M.ORCID, Koyama ShokoORCID, Kramer MichaelORCID, Kramer CarstenORCID, Krichbaum Thomas P.ORCID, Kuo Cheng-YuORCID, Lauer Tod R.ORCID, Lee Sang-SungORCID, Levis AviadORCID, Li Yan-RongORCID, Li ZhiyuanORCID, Lindqvist MichaelORCID, Lico RoccoORCID, Lindahl GregORCID, Liu JunORCID, Liu KuoORCID, Liuzzo ElisabettaORCID, Lo Wen-Ping, Lobanov Andrei P., Loinard LaurentORCID, Lonsdale Colin, Lu Ru-SenORCID, MacDonald Nicholas R.ORCID, Mao JirongORCID, Marchili NicolaORCID, Markoff SeraORCID, Marrone Daniel P.ORCID, Marscher Alan P.ORCID, Martí-Vidal IvánORCID, Matsushita SatokiORCID, Matthews Lynn D.ORCID, Medeiros LiaORCID, Menten Karl M.ORCID, Mizuno IzumiORCID, Mizuno YosukeORCID, Moran James M.ORCID, Moriyama KotaroORCID, Moscibrodzka MonikaORCID, Müller CorneliaORCID, Musoke GibwaORCID, Mejías Alejandro MusORCID, Michalik DanielORCID, Nadolski AndrewORCID, Nagai HiroshiORCID, Nagar Neil M.ORCID, Nakamura MasanoriORCID, Narayan RameshORCID, Narayanan Gopal, Natarajan IniyanORCID, Nathanail Antonios, Neilsen JoeyORCID, Neri RobertoORCID, Ni ChunchongORCID, Noutsos AristeidisORCID, Nowak Michael A.ORCID, Okino Hiroki, Olivares HéctorORCID, Ortiz-León Gisela N.ORCID, Oyama Tomoaki, Özel Feryal, Palumbo Daniel C. M.ORCID, Park JonghoORCID, Patel Nimesh, Pen Ue-LiORCID, Pesce Dominic W.ORCID, Piétu Vincent, Plambeck RichardORCID, PopStefanija Aleksandar, Porth OliverORCID, Pötzl Felix M.ORCID, Prather BenORCID, Preciado-López Jorge A.ORCID, Psaltis DimitriosORCID, Pu Hung-YiORCID, Ramakrishnan VenkatesshORCID, Rao RamprasadORCID, Rawlings Mark G.ORCID, Raymond Alexander W.ORCID, Rezzolla LucianoORCID, Ricarte AngeloORCID, Ripperda BartORCID, Roelofs FreekORCID, Rogers Alan, Ros EduardoORCID, Rose MelORCID, Roshanineshat Arash, Rottmann Helge, Roy Alan L.ORCID, Ruszczyk ChetORCID, Rygl Kazi L. J.ORCID, Sánchez Salvador, Sánchez-Arguelles DavidORCID, Sasada MahitoORCID, Savolainen TuomasORCID, Schloerb F. Peter, Schuster Karl-Friedrich, Shao LijingORCID, Shen ZhiqiangORCID, Small DesORCID, Sohn Bong WonORCID, SooHoo JasonORCID, Sun HeORCID, Tazaki FumieORCID, Tetarenko Alexandra J.ORCID, Tiede PaulORCID, Tilanus Remo P. J.ORCID, Titus MichaelORCID, Toma KenjiORCID, Torne PabloORCID, Trent Tyler, Traianou EfthaliaORCID, Trippe SaschaORCID, Bemmel Ilse vanORCID, van Langevelde Huib JanORCID, van Rossum Daniel R.ORCID, Wagner JanORCID, Ward-Thompson DerekORCID, Wardle JohnORCID, Weintroub JonathanORCID, Wex Norbert, Wharton RobertORCID, Wielgus MaciekORCID, Wong George N.ORCID, Wu QingwenORCID, Yoon DoosooORCID, Young AndréORCID, Young KenORCID, Younsi ZiriORCID, Yuan FengORCID, Yuan Ye-Fei, Zensus J. AntonORCID, Zhao Guang-YaoORCID, Zhao Shan-ShanORCID
Abstract
Abstract
Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations at 230 GHz have now imaged polarized emission around the supermassive black hole in M87 on event-horizon scales. This polarized synchrotron radiation probes the structure of magnetic fields and the plasma properties near the black hole. Here we compare the resolved polarization structure observed by the EHT, along with simultaneous unresolved observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, to expectations from theoretical models. The low fractional linear polarization in the resolved image suggests that the polarization is scrambled on scales smaller than the EHT beam, which we attribute to Faraday rotation internal to the emission region. We estimate the average density n
e
∼ 104–7 cm−3, magnetic field strength B ∼ 1–30 G, and electron temperature T
e
∼ (1–12) × 1010 K of the radiating plasma in a simple one-zone emission model. We show that the net azimuthal linear polarization pattern may result from organized, poloidal magnetic fields in the emission region. In a quantitative comparison with a large library of simulated polarimetric images from general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations, we identify a subset of physical models that can explain critical features of the polarimetric EHT observations while producing a relativistic jet of sufficient power. The consistent GRMHD models are all of magnetically arrested accretion disks, where near-horizon magnetic fields are dynamically important. We use the models to infer a mass accretion rate onto the black hole in M87 of (3–20) × 10−4
M
⊙ yr−1.
Publisher
American Astronomical Society
Subject
Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics
Cited by
303 articles.
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