A Search for Pulsars around Sgr A* in the First Event Horizon Telescope Data Set
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Published:2023-11-29
Issue:1
Volume:959
Page:14
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ISSN:0004-637X
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Container-title:The Astrophysical Journal
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language:
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Short-container-title:ApJ
Author:
Torne PabloORCID, Liu KuoORCID, Eatough Ralph P.ORCID, Wongphechauxsorn JompojORCID, Cordes James M.ORCID, Desvignes GregoryORCID, De Laurentis MariafeliciaORCID, Kramer MichaelORCID, Ransom Scott M.ORCID, Chatterjee ShamiORCID, Wharton RobertORCID, Karuppusamy RameshORCID, Blackburn LindyORCID, Janssen MichaelORCID, Chan Chi-kwanORCID, Crew Geoffrey, B.ORCID, Matthews Lynn D.ORCID, Goddi CiriacoORCID, Rottmann HelgeORCID, Wagner JanORCID, Sánchez SalvadorORCID, Ruiz IgnacioORCID, Abbate FedericoORCID, Bower Geoffrey C.ORCID, Salamanca Juan J.ORCID, Gómez-Ruiz Arturo I.ORCID, Herrera-Aguilar AlfredoORCID, Jiang 江 Wu 悟ORCID, Lu 路 Ru-Sen 如森ORCID, Pen Ue-LiORCID, Raymond Alexander W.ORCID, Shao LijingORCID, Shen 沈 Zhiqiang 志强ORCID, Paubert Gabriel, Sanchez-Portal MiguelORCID, Kramer CarstenORCID, Castillo Manuel, Navarro Santiago, John David, Schuster Karl-FriedrichORCID, Johnson Michael D.ORCID, Rygl Kazi L. J.ORCID, Akiyama KazunoriORCID, Alberdi AntxonORCID, Alef Walter, Algaba Juan CarlosORCID, Anantua RichardORCID, Asada KeiichiORCID, Azulay RebeccaORCID, Bach UweORCID, Baczko Anne-KathrinORCID, Ball David, Baloković MislavORCID, Barrett JohnORCID, Bauböck MichiORCID, Benson Bradford A.ORCID, Bintley Dan, Blundell RaymondORCID, Bouman Katherine L.ORCID, Boyce HopeORCID, Bremer Michael, Brinkerink Christiaan D.ORCID, Brissenden RogerORCID, Britzen SilkeORCID, Broderick Avery E.ORCID, Broguiere DominiqueORCID, Bronzwaer ThomasORCID, Bustamante SandraORCID, Byun Do-YoungORCID, Carlstrom John E.ORCID, Ceccobello ChiaraORCID, Chael AndrewORCID, Chang Dominic O.ORCID, Chatterjee KoushikORCID, Chen Ming-TangORCID, Chen 陈 Yongjun 永军ORCID, Cheng XiaopengORCID, Cho IljeORCID, Christian PierreORCID, Conroy Nicholas S.ORCID, Conway John E.ORCID, Crawford Thomas M.ORCID, Cruz-Osorio AlejandroORCID, Cui 崔 Yuzhu 玉竹ORCID, Dahale RohanORCID, Davelaar JordyORCID, Deane RogerORCID, Dempsey JessicaORCID, Dexter JasonORCID, Dhruv VedantORCID, Doeleman Sheperd S.ORCID, Dougal SeanORCID, Dzib Sergio A.ORCID, Emami RaziehORCID, Falcke HeinoORCID, Farah JosephORCID, Fish Vincent L.ORCID, Fomalont EdORCID, Ford H. AlysonORCID, Foschi MariannaORCID, Fraga-Encinas RaquelORCID, Freeman William T., Friberg PerORCID, Fromm Christian M.ORCID, Fuentes AntonioORCID, Galison PeterORCID, Gammie Charles F.ORCID, García RobertoORCID, Gentaz OlivierORCID, Georgiev BorisORCID, Gold RomanORCID, Gómez José L.ORCID, Gu 顾 Minfeng 敏峰ORCID, Gurwell MarkORCID, Hada KazuhiroORCID, Haggard DarylORCID, Haworth Kari, Hecht Michael H.ORCID, Hesper RonaldORCID, Heumann DirkORCID, Ho 何 Luis C. 子山ORCID, Ho PaulORCID, Honma MarekiORCID, Huang Chih-Wei L.ORCID, Huang 黄 Lei 磊ORCID, Hughes David H., Ikeda ShiroORCID, Impellizzeri C. M. VioletteORCID, Inoue MakotoORCID, Issaoun SaraORCID, James David J.ORCID, Jannuzi Buell T.ORCID, Jeter BrittonORCID, Jiménez-Rosales AlejandraORCID, Jorstad SvetlanaORCID, Joshi Abhishek V.ORCID, Jung TaehyunORCID, Karami MansourORCID, Kawashima TomohisaORCID, Keating Garrett K.ORCID, Kettenis MarkORCID, Kim Dong-JinORCID, Kim Jae-YoungORCID, Kim JongsooORCID, Kim JunhanORCID, Kino MotokiORCID, Koay Jun YiORCID, Kocherlakota PrashantORCID, Kofuji Yutaro, Koyama ShokoORCID, Krichbaum Thomas P.ORCID, Kuo Cheng-YuORCID, La Bella NoemiORCID, Lauer Tod R.ORCID, Lee DaeyoungORCID, Lee Sang-SungORCID, Leung Po KinORCID, Levis AviadORCID, Li 李 Zhiyuan 志远ORCID, Lico RoccoORCID, Lindahl GregORCID, Lindqvist MichaelORCID, Lisakov MikhailORCID, Liu 刘 Jun 俊ORCID, Liuzzo ElisabettaORCID, Lo Wen-PingORCID, Lobanov Andrei P.ORCID, Loinard LaurentORCID, Lonsdale Colin J.ORCID, MacDonald Nicholas R.ORCID, Mao 毛 Jirong 基荣ORCID, Marchili NicolaORCID, Markoff SeraORCID, Marrone Daniel P.ORCID, Marscher Alan P.ORCID, Martí-Vidal IvánORCID, Matsushita SatokiORCID, Medeiros LiaORCID, Menten Karl M.ORCID, Michalik DanielORCID, Mizuno IzumiORCID, Mizuno YosukeORCID, Moran James M.ORCID, Moriyama KotaroORCID, Moscibrodzka MonikaORCID, Müller CorneliaORCID, Müller HendrikORCID, Mus AlejandroORCID, Musoke GibwaORCID, Myserlis IoannisORCID, Nadolski AndrewORCID, Nagai HiroshiORCID, Nagar Neil M.ORCID, Nakamura MasanoriORCID, Narayan RameshORCID, Narayanan GopalORCID, Natarajan IniyanORCID, Nathanail Antonios, Neilsen JoeyORCID, Neri RobertoORCID, Ni ChunchongORCID, Noutsos AristeidisORCID, Nowak Michael A.ORCID, Oh JunghwanORCID, Okino HirokiORCID, Olivares HéctorORCID, Ortiz-León Gisela N.ORCID, Oyama TomoakiORCID, Özel FeryalORCID, Palumbo Daniel C. M.ORCID, Paraschos Georgios FilipposORCID, Park JonghoORCID, Parsons HarrietORCID, Patel NimeshORCID, Pesce Dominic W.ORCID, Piétu Vincent, Plambeck RichardORCID, PopStefanija Aleksandar, Porth OliverORCID, Pötzl Felix M.ORCID, Prather BenORCID, Preciado-López Jorge A.ORCID, Psaltis DimitriosORCID, Pu Hung-YiORCID, Ramakrishnan VenkatesshORCID, Rao RamprasadORCID, Rawlings Mark G.ORCID, Rezzolla LucianoORCID, Ricarte AngeloORCID, Ripperda BartORCID, Roelofs FreekORCID, Rogers AlanORCID, Ros EduardoORCID, Romero-Cañizales CristinaORCID, Roshanineshat ArashORCID, Roy Alan L.ORCID, Ruszczyk ChetORCID, Sánchez-Argüelles DavidORCID, Sasada MahitoORCID, Satapathy KaushikORCID, Savolainen TuomasORCID, Schloerb F. Peter, Schonfeld JonathanORCID, Small DesORCID, Sohn Bong WonORCID, SooHoo JasonORCID, Souccar KamalORCID, Sun 孙 He 赫ORCID, Tetarenko Alexandra J.ORCID, Tiede PaulORCID, Tilanus Remo P. J.ORCID, Titus MichaelORCID, Toscano TeresaORCID, Traianou EfthaliaORCID, Trent TylerORCID, Trippe SaschaORCID, Turk MatthewORCID, van Bemmel IlseORCID, van Langevelde Huib JanORCID, van Rossum Daniel R.ORCID, Vos JesseORCID, Ward-Thompson DerekORCID, Wardle JohnORCID, Weintroub JonathanORCID, Wex NorbertORCID, Wielgus MaciekORCID, Wiik KajORCID, Witzel GuntherORCID, Wondrak Michael F.ORCID, Wong George N.ORCID, Wu 吴 Qingwen 庆文ORCID, Yadlapalli NitikaORCID, Yamaguchi PaulORCID, Yfantis AristomenisORCID, Yoon DoosooORCID, Young AndréORCID, Young KenORCID, Younsi ZiriORCID, Yu 于 Wei 威ORCID, Yuan 袁 Feng 峰ORCID, Yuan 袁 Ye-Fei 业飞ORCID, Zensus J. AntonORCID, Zhang ShuoORCID, Zhao Guang-YaoORCID, Zhao 赵 Shan-Shan 杉杉ORCID
Abstract
Abstract
In 2017 the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), at a frequency of 228.1 GHz (λ = 1.3 mm). The fundamental physics tests that even a single pulsar orbiting Sgr A* would enable motivate searching for pulsars in EHT data sets. The high observing frequency means that pulsars—which typically exhibit steep emission spectra—are expected to be very faint. However, it also negates pulse scattering, an effect that could hinder pulsar detections in the Galactic center. Additionally, magnetars or a secondary inverse Compton emission could be stronger at millimeter wavelengths than at lower frequencies. We present a search for pulsars close to Sgr A* using the data from the three most sensitive stations in the EHT 2017 campaign: the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, the Large Millimeter Telescope, and the IRAM 30 m Telescope. We apply three detection methods based on Fourier-domain analysis, the fast folding algorithm, and single-pulse searches targeting both pulsars and burst-like transient emission. We use the simultaneity of the observations to confirm potential candidates. No new pulsars or significant bursts were found. Being the first pulsar search ever carried out at such high radio frequencies, we detail our analysis methods and give a detailed estimation of the sensitivity of the search. We conclude that the EHT 2017 observations are only sensitive to a small fraction (≲2.2%) of the pulsars that may exist close to Sgr A*, motivating further searches for fainter pulsars in the region.
Funder
EC ∣ European Research Council Bureau of International Cooperation, Chinese Academy of Sciences National Science Foundation
Publisher
American Astronomical Society
Subject
Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics
Cited by
1 articles.
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