Exploring Atherosclerosis, Oxidized LDL, Insulin, and Tailored Diet Strategies in Cardiac Patient Assessment

Abstract

Background Plaque development in vessels which supply blood to heart muscles is caused by atherosclerosis, a slow but progressive process that leads to coronary artery disease (CAD). Arteries become gradually blocked by oxidized fatty acids, with excess fat intake or abnormalities in fat metabolism causing body changes. These changes may lead to an increase in LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, as well as a reduction in HDL cholesterol. The oxidation of excess low density protein (LDL) is a complex process involving many factors, with insulin and obesity playing a significant role and associated with many metabolic syndromes. The current study aims to determine the concentration of oxidized LDL in patients who suffer with cardio vascular diseases (CVDs) and to understand the correlation between oxidation and insulin resistance in cardiac forbearing. Method The method used was to collect data from 30 patients admitted in the cardiology ward. For this purpose, an assessment proforma was built, which included anthropometric measurements, physical activity level, dietary history, and blood tests for lab findings such as lipid profiles. Results The key findings determined that the anomalous function of AKT protein, which is present in pancreatic β cells, as well as disruption in PKC pathway cause phosphorylation in alpha and beta cells of pancreas, which causes diabetes and leads to heart attack. Conclusion The aberrant changes in sugar test and lipid profile including Hb1Ac (9%), fasting blood glucose (250mg/dl), total cholesterol (342mg/dl), LDL (less than 250mg/dl), HDL (49 F mg/dl), and total triglycerides (215mg/dl) causes serious discomfort for patients.