Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides) in South Africa and their relationship with physico-chemical soil properties

Author:

Guga Itani P.12ORCID,Steyn Willem P.2ORCID,Marais Mariette3ORCID,Swart Antoinette34ORCID,Girgan Chantelle3ORCID,Mbatyoti Akhona2ORCID,Mudau Fhatuwani N.15ORCID,De Waele Dirk67ORCID,Daneel Mieke S.26ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa

2. Agricultural Research Council-Tropical and Subtropical Crops, Private Bag X11208, Mbombela 1200, South Africa

3. Agricultural Research Council-Plant Health and Protection, Private Bag X134, Queenswood 0121, South Africa

4. Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa

5. School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Cabbis Road, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa

6. Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa

7. Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Department of Biosystems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium

Abstract

Summary Bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides) is an aromatic, perennial, leafy shrub that is endemic to the northeastern mountain ranges of South Africa and has a high potential for commercialisation as an alternative to caffeine-containing tea. During the summer and winter of 2018-2019, a survey was carried out at nine localities in the northeastern regions of South Africa to study the diversity of nematodes associated with bush tea and, in terms of frequency of occurrence and abundance, identify the dominant plant-parasitic nematodes. Twenty-one plant-parasitic nematode species belonging to 14 genera were identified in 90 rhizosphere soil and root samples. Meloidogyne and Helicotylenchus were the dominant plant-parasitic nematode genera. Meloidogyne javanica and Scutellonema brachyurus were found at all localities, followed by M. enterolobii, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Rotylenchulus parvus, H. martini and S. truncatum (found at 7-8 localities). Other species identified included Criconema corbetii, C. sphaerocephalus, C. xenoplax, Criconemoides ihlathum, C. parvus, Discocriconemella glabrannulata, H. dihystera, H. erythrinae, H. paraplatyurus, Hemicycliophora typica, M. hapla, M. incognita, Rotylenchulus unisexus and R. clavicaudatus. Individuals of Crossonema, Paratylenchus, Ogma, the Xiphinema americanum-group and X. americanum sensu lato could not be identified to species level due to the low number of specimens present in the samples. Comparison of the two methods used to identify the Meloidogyne populations to species level shows that morphological identification (particularly perineal pattern morphology) provided a more complete picture of the Meloidogyne species present in the samples compared with the molecular SCAR-PCR technique. High levels of Cu, K and pH were associated with the highest relative population densities (RPD% = average population density of a nematode genus/total nematode population density × 100) of Meloidogyne, whilst high levels of Al and soil resistivity were associated with the lowest RPD% of Meloidogyne. By contrast, high levels of K and pH were associated with the lowest RPD% of Helicotylenchus, whilst high levels of Al and soil resistivity were associated with the highest RPD% of Helicotylenchus.

Publisher

Brill

Subject

Agronomy and Crop Science,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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