The development of assessment and remediation guidelines for contaminated soils, a review of the science

Abstract

Soil contamination is no longer restricted to isolated incidents and locations; it is a general and contentious problem. However, the problem is complex, starting with the very definition of what level and type of contamination is unacceptable. A myriad of regulatory and de facto guidelines have emerged, and they are extremely fragmented, inconsistent and incomplete. This review attempts to summarize the historical development of assessment and remediation guidelines, to highlight the unique difficulties of the problem, and then to discuss the scientific information that exists and that is needed to improve guidelines. There is an unlimited scope for research on this subject. Key words: Contaminant, cleanup, toxicity, pathways, risk, hazard assessment