Analysis of the main statistical indicators and results of treatment of malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

Abstract

Objective. To assess the main statistical indicators of malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in the Republic of Belarus, and analyze the long-term results of treating patients with squamous cell cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.Materials and methods. The material for the epidemiological study was the data from the Belarusian Cancer Registry on 2016 patients with malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (C30.0 and C31), identified during the period of 1998-2022 in the Republic of Belarus.Results. The ratio of mortality to incidence of malignant neoplasms (MN) of the nasal cavity (CN) and paranasal sinuses (PS) in the Republic of Belarus was 60% in 2018-2022 (in 1998-2002 - 80%). The diagnosis rate in stages III-IV was 73.8% in 2018-2022. 5-year adjusted survival rate decreased from 38.2±0.2% in 2003 to 35.9±3.3% in 2022. The proportion of stages III and IV in the group of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) associated with sinonasal inverted papilloma (SIP) was 69%, in the group of de novo SCC – 89% (p = 0.026). The 5-year adjusted survival (АS) of patients with SIP-associated SCC was 73.4% (SE 11.5%), de novo SCC was 38.7% (SE 5.1%) (p=0.012).Conclusion. High mortality-to-morbidity ratios indicate problems in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors of the PN and acute urinary tract in the Republic of Belarus. The risk group for developing cancer of the PN and PN, requiring additional medical supervision, is the population over the age of 40 years.