1. Murphy et al.(1964) Shorer;Allen; Worden, Rodgin (1960)..; Vignos,1962
2. The definition of DMD used in the present study has been restricted to a genetically and clinically uniform group of cases, phenotypically resembling the severe X-linked type, the characteristics of which are described by;Subjects,1963
3. False positive findings rarely occur, so that an increase in CK activity in a clinically normal female relative of a DMD patient is a reliable sign of;Genetic,1967
4. Three standard intelligence tests were used: the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), and the Stanford Binet, form L (SB). The means and standard deviations of the three tests are fairly close numerically, making possible the comparison of IQ's at the numerical level (Wechsler, 1949). Wechsler tests were favoured as they produced individual subtest scores, each with a mean of 10 points, as well as three separate intelligence quotients; verbal IQ, performance IQ, and total IQ, with a mean in each case of 100 points. Since one aim of the study was to detect specific areas of intellectual deficiency in the DMD patients, the subtest scores were useful. As DMD patients become progressively disabled, one might expect their performance, involving hand and arm movement, to be hindered. Separate scores for verbal and performance aspects of the IQ are consequently of special interest in such a group;Materials
5. Comparison of IQ's of DMD patients and unaffected sibs. To compare the scores of DMD patients and their normal sibs, the mean IQ of the patients was paired with the mean IQ of their sibs in each sibship. An R x 2 analysis of variance (Snedecor, 1956) was performed on the paired data obtained in 34 sibships. The range and distribution of the 2 groups are shown in Fig. 1, together with normal curves fitted to both groups of data. Table II shows the mean IQ's of the dystrophics and unaffected sibs, and the F ratios obtained by analysis of variance