The role of neutrophilic granulocytes and cationic proteins as biomarkers of the severity of the course of infectious and non-infectious animal diseases animal diseases

Abstract

Innate immunity plays a decisive role in the primary reaction of the body to microbial agents. It is realized through the activation of cellular  and humoral  factors  of nonspecific resistance  –  neutrophils,  macrophages  and antimicrobial  and  regulatory  substances  secreted by them, which, in turn, trigger a cascade of reactions involving lymphocytes. On the surface of the mucous membranes and in mucosal secretions, neutrophils realize their function not only through phagocytosis, but also through the release of DNA and bactericidal granules that form neutrophil extracellular  traps.  Violation  of  the  functioning  of these  cells  on  the  surface  of  the  mucous membranes is considered as one of the factors of the formation of pathological microbial  communities,  leading  to  the  development of dysbiosis and inflammation of various localization. The completed character of phagocytosis  is  provided  by  microbicidal systems of leukocytes: cationic proteins and myeloperoxidase.  They  have  a  special  immunological  significance  and  influence  the course and outcome of the disease. Myeloperoxidase and cationic proteins are the main factors of bactericidal protection.