The role of a negative energy balance in cows after calving in the pathogenesis of uterine inflammation

Abstract

The article presents the results of a study of the influence of negative energy balance in cows in the transition period in the development of postpartum uterine pathologies. On the sonogram, metritis is presented as a hypoechoic uniform thickening of the layers of the uterine wall. With pyometra, thinning of the uterine wall occurs. On the sonograms obtained during the study, cavities of considerable diameter (average 67.8 ± 4.6 mm) with hypoechoic content, with the presence of hyperechoic inhomogeneous inclusions of varying echo intensity, are visualized. During the histological examination of the obtained biopsy, it was determined that the proportion of the integumentary epithelium in cows with pyometra and metritis is higher than in clinically healthy animals. Changes were also noted regarding the proportion of the uterine glands in assessing the overall structure of the endo metrium. With metritis, this indicator was 5.22 ± 0.03%, and with pyometra 4.07 ± 0.01%, which is more than 7 times lower than when assessing the same indicator in co ws without clinical signs of metritis and pyometra . A change in these indicators indicates the development of degenerative - dystrophic processes in the uterus, including the uterine glands, which occur in combination with catarrhal -purulent lesions of the uterus. As a result of blood tests, we found that purulent-catarrhal inflammation of the uterus in newborn cows occurs against the background of oxidative stress. It was found that the concentration of catalase in the blood of cows with metritis and pyometra was increased by 43.0% (p<0.05). Also, sick cows showed a significant increase in the content of malondialdehyde (p<0.05). In contrast to the data obtained from clinically healthy cows in patients with catarrhal-purulent lesions of the uterus, a decrease in the content of vitamin C was noted – by 30.9% (p<0.05) and vitamin E – by 2.02 times (p<0.01) . Also, in sick cows, a number of changes were revealed in the biochemical study of blood serum, indicating the presence of a violation of various types of metabolism, in particular dysproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia and an increase in enzyme activity.